Quantum Algorithms for Boolean Equation Solving and Quantum Algebraic Attack on Cryptosystems

Decision of whether a Boolean equation system has a solution is an NPC problem and finding a solution is NP hard. In this paper, we present a quantum algorithm to decide whether a Boolean equation system FS has a solution and compute one if FS does have solutions with any given success probability. The runtime complexity of the algorithm is polynomial in the size of FS and the condition number of FS. As a consequence, we give a polynomial-time quantum algorithm for solving Boolean equation systems if their condition numbers are small, say polynomial in the size of FS. We apply our quantum algorithm for solving Boolean equations to the cryptanalysis of several important cryptosystems: the stream cipher Trivum, the block cipher AES, the hash function SHA-3/Keccak, and the multivariate public key cryptosystems, and show that they are secure under quantum algebraic attack only if the condition numbers of the corresponding equation systems are large. This leads to a new criterion for designing cryptosystems that can against the attack of quantum computers: their corresponding equation systems must have large condition numbers

Universal Existence of Exact Quantum State Transmissions in Interacting Media

We consider an exact state transmission, where a density matrix in one information processor A at time $t=0$ is exactly equal to that in another processor B at a later time. We demonstrate that there always exists a complete set of orthogonal states, which can be employed to perform the exact state transmission. Our result is very general in the sense that it holds for arbitrary media between the two processors and for any time interval. We illustrate our results in terms of models of spin, fermionic and bosonic chains. This complete set can be used as bases to study the perfect state transfer, which is associated with degenerated subspaces of this set of states. Interestingly, this formalism leads to a proposal of perfect state transfer via adiabatic passage, which does not depend on the specific form of the driving Hamiltonian.Comment: 4 pages, no figur

The Effect Of Visualized Student\u27s Self-set Learning Progress Goals On East Asian Chinese Student\u27s Motivation And Self Confidence In Learning

This study was conducted to determine if visualized goal achievement can help enhance East Asian Chinese students‟ motivation in learning and elevate their confidence in reaching their goals thus improving their performance. The goal achievement was visualized on a goal achievement progress chart that was self-created and self-managed by the East Asian Chinese students and the goal creating was under the supervision of their instructor. In this study, literature reviews on the theories, previous research studies in the perspectives of East Asian students‟ motivation in learning, goal setting on motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy, and expectancy theories are conducted to provide theoretical ground and legitimate evidence for this particular research. The researcher conducted an experiment in which students were given a learning task and required to set their own learning goals for that learning task under the supervision of their instructors. In this specific experiment, a total of 106 students from a university that was funded by American Educators in a central province in China agreed to participate in stages one, and two of the study, but some students withdrew from this research and some did not participate in both research stages therefore their data were take out from the data to make research result more consistent. Therefore eventually 72 students were considered eligible to go through the whole process of turning in the questionnaires and participating in the performance test. In this particular goal setting research study, the students were given the freedom of setting their own learning pace iii and managing their own progress on a visualized progress chart. The progress chart was visualized as a climbing/progressing line, which goes from bottom to top (see appendix C) once students achieved their learning goals. At the same time, the instructor provided feedback concerning the students‟ progress. Although some of the research results displayed no statistical significance for motivation and self-confidence during the pre and post session of the research, there is a positive correlation among motivation, self-confidence, and performance outcome. One research result did corroborate the previous research study that goal setting strategy would improve learning outcome

Delivery of SiRNA with Drugs Targeting Polyamine Metabolism as Combinational Cancer Treatment

Cancer has been a major public health issue worldwide for years and is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Important barrier must be broken to extend the life expectancy in every country. The standard care for cancer causes severe side effects which affects patients’ physical health and quality of life. Polyamines are highly related with the cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dysregulated polyamine metabolism in cancer leads to increased polyamine concentration in neoplastic cells. Thus, polyamine metabolism for cancer therapy can be an intriguing target. However, the heterogeneity affecting key cancer pathways poses significant challenges for effective monotherapy. RNA interference (RNAi) can knock down upregulated oncogene expression with high specificity and selectivity. Among those, siRNA presents high potential as novel therapeutic modality for cancer when properly delivered. This dissertation hypothesized that polycation nanoparticles can be developed that regulate polyamine metabolism, while simultaneously serving as siRNA delivery systems to achieve enhanced combinational cancer therapy. An introduction on polyamines and RNAi with their connections to cancer is presented in chapter 1. Chapter 2 reports on the development of hyaluronic acid-coated fluoroalkyl-conjugated polyamine prodrugs as siRNA delivery systems (HA@F-PaP/siPLK1) for simultaneous targeting of polyamine metabolism and down-regulation of (polo-like kinase 1) PLK1 expression. The ternary complex achieved reduced toxicity to the membrane, improved gene silencing effect and selective targeting to tumor. The combination of N1,N11-Bis(ethyl)norspermine (BENSpm) and siPLK1 demonstrated superior apoptosis inducing effect in both colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer. Finally, orthotopic pancreatic model was developed for the evaluation of HA@F-PaP/siPLK1. The biodistribution study showed selective tumor accumulation through CD44 targeting effect and HA@F-PaP/siPLK1 significantly inhibited the tumor growth. Chapter 3 reports on the folic acid conjugated, curcumin and siKras loaded cationic lipoplex (2FLPC/siKras) as drug/siRNA combinational therapy against colorectal cancer. The curcumin that targets multiple anti-cancer pathways is also involved in polyamine metabolism regulation. Curcumin-loaded liposomes showed similar toxicity and anti-migration effects as free curcumin. The folic acid on the lipoplex achieved enhanced siRNA delivery. Finally, the combination of curcumin and siKras demonstrated superior apoptosis inducing and anti-proliferation effect. Chapter 4 reports on the attempts to synthesize different GSH responsive polymeric norspermine prodrugs. Monomers were synthesized with methyl methacrylate group, vinyl group and methyl acrylamide group with the self-immolative linker conjugated with norspermine. The polymeric norspermine prodrug (PNP) were polymerized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. PNP showed excellent siRNA condensation ability with great siRNA cellular uptake. In chapter 5, summary and future directions are given

Controlling and Detecting Spin Correlations of Ultracold Atoms in Optical lattices

We report on the controlled creation of a valence bond state of delocalized effective-spin singlet and triplet dimers by means of a bichromatic optical superlattice. We demonstrate a coherent coupling between the singlet and triplet states and show how the superlattice can be employed to measure the singlet-fraction employing a spin blockade effect. Our method provides a reliable way to detect and control nearest-neighbor spin correlations in many-body systems of ultracold atoms. Being able to measure these correlations is an important ingredient to study quantum magnetism in optical lattices. We furthermore employ a SWAP operation between atoms being part of different triplets, thus effectively increasing their bond-length. Such SWAP operation provides an important step towards the massively parallel creation of a multi-particle entangled state in the lattice.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

The Role of Remote Health Care System in Senior Citizen

From Chinese traditional point of view, family support is the recognition means among the elderly and children; the support of children to the elderly is the bounden duty of maintenance and obligations. However, with the evolving of social structures, industrial restructuring, urbanization, smaller families, family members shrinking and other factors, family pension as the main mode is constantly under attack, and its function have begun to weaken. Coupled with the supply of lack of social services to the senior citizen, making the growing problem of support of senior citizen. The intervention of remote health care system can both improve the efficiency of care, and greatly reduce the burden on the elderly themselves and their families, and it will play a more active role in senior citizen

Non-perturbative Dynamical Decoupling Control: A Spin Chain Model

This paper considers a spin chain model by numerically solving the exact model to explore the non-perturbative dynamical decoupling regime, where an important issue arises recently (J. Jing, L.-A. Wu, J. Q. You and T. Yu, arXiv:1202.5056.). Our study has revealed a few universal features of non-perturbative dynamical control irrespective of the types of environments and system-environment couplings. We have shown that, for the spin chain model, there is a threshold and a large pulse parameter region where the effective dynamical control can be implemented, in contrast to the perturbative decoupling schemes where the permissible parameters are represented by a point or converge to a very small subset in the large parameter region admitted by our non-perturbative approach. An important implication of the non-perturbative approach is its flexibility in implementing the dynamical control scheme in a experimental setup. Our findings have exhibited several interesting features of the non-perturbative regimes such as the chain-size independence, pulse strength upper-bound, noncontinuous valid parameter regions, etc. Furthermore, we find that our non-perturbative scheme is robust against randomness in model fabrication and time-dependent random noise